A Study to Assess the Possible Effects on Radio Based Services of Electromagnetic Emissions from the Proposed Increase of Electrically Powered Public and Private Transport
نویسنده
چکیده
....................................................................................................................................................6 1. EXECUTIVE SUMMARY........................................................................................................................7 2. INTRODUCTION......................................................................................................................................9 3. THE ELECTROMAGNETIC ENVIRONMENT.................................................................................10 3.1 FIXED BROADCAST TRANSMITTERS .......................................................................................................10 3.2 ELECTRICAL MACHINERY ......................................................................................................................11 3.3 POWERLINES ...........................................................................................................................................12 3.4 RADAR SYSTEMS .....................................................................................................................................12 3.5 MOBILE TRANSMITTERS.........................................................................................................................13 3.5.1 Emergency Services Vehicles.......................................................................................................13 3.5.2 Private Mobile Radio Systems......................................................................................................14 3.6 AMATEUR RADIO USERS.........................................................................................................................14 3.7 TRANSIENT DISTURBANCES ....................................................................................................................14 4. ELECTRIC AND HYBRID-ELECTRIC VEHICLES.........................................................................15 5. DRIVE SYSTEMS FOR ELECTRIC VEHICLE APPLICATIONS..................................................17 5.1. AC INDUCTION MOTOR.........................................................................................................................17 5.2. AC SYNCHRONOUS MOTOR (BRUSHLESS DC MOTOR) .......................................................................18 5.3. DC BRUSHED MOTOR............................................................................................................................19 5.4. SWITCHED RELUCTANCE MOTOR (SRM).............................................................................................19 6. POWER SUPPLIES.................................................................................................................................20 6.1. BATTERIES..............................................................................................................................................20 6.2. ULTRACAPACITORS (SUPERCAPACITORS) ............................................................................................21 6.3. FUEL CELLS............................................................................................................................................22 6.4. TYPES OF FUEL CELL.............................................................................................................................22 6.4.1. Solid Polymer ..............................................................................................................................22 6.4.2. Alkaline........................................................................................................................................23 6.4.3. Phosphoric Acid ..........................................................................................................................23 6.4.4. Fuel Cell Summary .....................................................................................................................24 6.5. FLYWHEEL BATTERIES ..........................................................................................................................24 6.5.1. Flywheel Batteries Summary ......................................................................................................24 6.6. GAS TURBINE-ELECTRIC .......................................................................................................................24 6.6.1. Micro Turbine system..................................................................................................................24 7. CHARGING SYSTEM TECHNOLOGY FOR ELECTRIC VEHICLES .........................................25 7.1. INDUCTIVE..............................................................................................................................................25 7.2. CONDUCTIVE ..........................................................................................................................................26 8. ELECTRONIC SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES ......................................................................................28 8.1. ANTI-LOCK BRAKES. .............................................................................................................................28 8.2. TRACTION CONTROL. ............................................................................................................................28 8.3. CRUISE CONTROL/SPEED LIMITERS. ....................................................................................................29 8.4. SUPPLEMENTARY RESTRAINT SYSTEMS ...............................................................................................29 8.5. STEERING................................................................................................................................................30 8.6. DRIVE TRAIN. .........................................................................................................................................31 8.6.1. Electronic Stability Control (ESC) .............................................................................................31 8.7. ACTIVE SUSPENSION ..............................................................................................................................32 8.8. BLUETOOTH............................................................................................................................................32 8.9. KEYLESS ENTRY/PASSIVE START AND ENTRY SYSTEMS (PASE)........................................................33 8.10. SMART CARD SYSTEMS........................................................................................................................33 8.11. TRANSPONDER/GPS SYSTEMS.............................................................................................................33
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